The project investigates, through modeling methods, how synthetic inertia can support the stability of (distributed) electrical grids. Synthetic or virtual inertia refers to programming converter-based sources to support grid voltage in a manner similar to traditional synchronous generators. The project involves developing mathematically and physically demanding computational models that enable simulation of synthetic inertia in stabilizing the voltage of the power system. The project is a collaboration between XAMK and TAMK.
Background
The project is driven by the ongoing energy transition. As fossil-based electricity generation is diminishing, the inertia of the power system is decreasing. This reduction in inertia is due to the decline of traditional electricity production based on synchronous generators, which are being replaced by weather-dependent renewable energy sources that do not inherently support the power grid.
In conventional electricity generation, the rotational speed of a synchronous generator operating at a constant speed is directly linked to the grid frequency. Therefore, synchronous generators naturally support grid voltage through their rotational inertia. In contrast, wind and solar power do not inherently support the grid, as the electricity they produce is fed into the grid via power converters, which transform the generated electricity into a grid-compatible form.
However, these converters can be programmed to include grid-supporting functionalities. This is referred to as synthetic inertia, and its potential is being explored in the SYNTI project through modeling techniques.
Goal
The goal of the project is to develop solutions for supporting the power grid with synthetic inertia through modeling, using two different approaches.
XAMK applies a traditional modeling method, where power distribution in the grid is based on phasor calculations, and the behavior of the synchronous generator is examined in more detailed dynamic simulations.
TAMK is building a truly dynamic power grid model that allows the examination of electrical quantities at the millisecond level. The aim is to determine how converter-connected sources should be controlled to support grid voltage during rapid changes.
Additionally, the project seeks to assess the technical and economic feasibility of various sources of inertia in supporting the power grid.
Impact
From an impact perspective, the topic is highly current. The energy transition is progressing rapidly, and in order to avoid the kinds of problems that, for example, led to the power outage in Spain in April 2025, it is essential to invest in managing the stability of the power system in Finland. As increasing amounts of wind power, solar electricity, and battery energy storage systems are being connected to the grid, synthetic inertia plays a significant role in enhancing grid stability.
Funding source
JTF (2021-2027)
Main funder
Etelä-Savon maakuntaliitto
Partners
Kaakkois-Suomen Ammattikorkeakoulu Oy (Xamk)
Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Oy (TAMK)
Contact persons
Aki Korpela
aki.korpela [at] tuni.fi