Fields of expertise
Political participation, elections and electoral systems, institutions of representative democracy in Finland, comparative politics
Research career
Professor emeritus of political science at the University of Tampere, 2012 on
Professor of political science, University of Tampere, 2004‒2012
Senior researcher, Ministry of Justice, 2004
Professor of political science, University of Turku 1997‒1998 and 1999‒2001
Reader of political science, University of Turku, 1986 and 1994‒1996
Senior researcher, Academy of Finland, 1987‒1990
Junior researcher, Academy of Finland, 1983‒1984
University lecturer, University of Turku, 1980‒1982, 1984‒1985, 1990‒1994, 2002‒2003
Research assistant, University of Turku, 1974‒1978
Assistant, University of Turku, 1972‒1974 and 1978‒1980