Carbon-neutral fuels can be produced by artificial photosynthesis, in which, for example, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using the energy of sunlight. The hydrogen produced in this way can be used as fuel in electricity production or in transportation. In his research, Lauri Palmolahti focused on the development of semiconductor materials for use in artificial photosynthesis.
In artificial photosynthesis, materials are typically exposed to highly alkaline or acidic conditions, which places certain limitations on the materials. The crystal structure of the material has a significant impact on how well it can withstand the conditions. Palmolahti's research focused on modifying the crystal structure of titanium dioxide thin films for enhanced chemical resistance.
Palmolahti’s research focused particularly on tailoring the crystal structure of titanium dioxide thin films and investigating their chemical durability. The study examined how the chemical composition and structural characteristics of the films influence their crystallisation behaviour during vacuum annealing. As a result, a nanocrystalline titanium dioxide film was developed, demonstrating significantly enhanced resistance under alkaline conditions.
The future commercial production of carbon-neutral fuels produced by artificial photosynthesis requires the development of both energy conversion efficiency and material longevity. In this case, fossil fuels could be replaced by carbon-neutral fuels, which would help in the fight against climate change. In addition to fuels, other chemicals can also be produced for industrial use, replacing oil-based raw materials.
The structure of matter is studied at large-scale synchrotron facilities
Sometimes studying small things requires large instruments. This is also true for Palmolahti's research that utilised the MAX IV synchrotron in Sweden. Synchrotrons are large facilities, up to several hundred metres in circumference, that produce X-rays for physics, chemistry, and materials science research. With high-quality X-rays, the structure and properties of materials can be measured at the atomic level. Palmolahti says that synchrotron measurements are an essential part of his research. Since there is no synchrotron in Finland, measurements that require one must be carried out abroad.
Lauri Palmolahti is from Tampere and began his university studies in 2011 at Tampere University of Technology. He has worked at the University's Surface Science Research Group since 2017, studying the properties of metal oxide thin films.
Public defence on Friday 10 October
M.Sc. (Tech) Lauri Palmolahti’s doctoral dissertation in the field of physics titled Modification of Metal Oxide Thin Films for Artificial Photosynthesis will be publicly examined at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of Tampere University. The Opponent will be Professor Friedrich Reinert from Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Germany. The Custos will be Professor Mika Valden from the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences.